This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: Verify here. All articles are developed in consultation with healthcare professionals and peer reviewed where necessary, undergoing a yearly review to ensure all healthcare information is kept up to date. Module 4: Cultural Beliefs about Medical Care. Most do not eat meat and abstain from all beef products. Respecting and honoring cultural issues and differences among patients in hospitals are paramount duty of today’s health care provider. Some sub-populations of cultures, such as those from India and Pakistan, are reluctant to accept a diagnosis of severe emotional illness or mental retardation because it severely reduces the chances of other members of the family getting married. Asian Cultures and Modesty: In general, traditional Asian women place a high value on modesty and may be uncomfortable in health care interactions with male doctors. It may be one of the finer points of being a nurse, but ultimately it is no less important than doing rounds or assisting in surgery. Johnstone, M & Kanitsaki, O 2006, ‘Culture, language, and patient safety: Making the link’. Zamanzadeh, V, Jasemi, M, Valizadeh, L, Keogh, B, Taleghani, F 2015, 'Effective Factors in Providing Holistic Care: A Qualitative Study'. Reducing health disparities and achieving equitable health care remains an important goal for the U.S. healthcare system. Patients from diverse cultural backgrounds (including First-Nation Peoples) experience almost twice as many adverse effects as English-speaking patients (Multicultural Health Communication 2013). avoiding direct eye contact), or curious to a nutritionist (e.g. Many of the people that you encounter in the community may have had previous negative experiences with the health care system. Injured and ill patients outside of hospitals and medical facilities rely on emergency medical technicians to provide them care. Ultimately, keeping these frameworks in mind and undertaking cultural assessments will help healthcare professionals provide safe and person-centred care to all people regardless of their race, ethnicity, culture or language. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS OF PREGNANCY, BIRTH AND POST-NATAL CARE Summary cultural assessment questions ... rituals and behavioural restrictions and proscriptions, and communicate with the women for whom they care, then women from CALD backgrounds will have a choice. We take for granted the way in which the following can differ between cultures and regions: eye contact, touch, decision-making, compliments, health-beliefs, healthcare practices, personal space, and modesty (Ferwerda 2016). Ultimately, cultural competence facilitates a more efficient and effective healing process. A health care provider should watch for signs that a Chinese patient is making such adjustments to their medications and tactfully advise against doing so while explaining the necessity of the full dosage for optimal benefit. How you can accommodate their spiritual and religious needs. This original CHILD website, www.childrenshealthcare.org, continues however as an archive for CHILD’s many endeavors from 1983 to 2017 to protect children from harmful religious and cultural practices—especially faith-based medical neglect—through public education, research, legal action, and a limited amount of lobbying. Wine is forbidden unless it is kosher. Paramedicine Majors Cultural Sensitivity Promotes Harmony and Healing. Culturally safe and sensitive practice is defined by the Medical Board of Australian as: Transcultural nursing is a term that seems to be gaining traction in recent years. Related: 7 Important Elements Of An Inspiring Nursing Career - as opposed to making assumptions (Care Search 2018). Even today, modesty is related to the relationship between genders specifically. For example, the expanded role of the community cultural mediator (which combines functions of language interpretation, cultural mediation and community-oriented cultural advocacy) has been documented in the Cultural Mediator Handbook, developed in the Harborview Medical Centre program (Jackson-Carroll et al., 1998). Since there are a number of medicines such as insulin that contain pork-based ingredients, there could be problems — even legal issues — if a health care practitioner prescribes and/or administers such medicines to people of these cultures. Judaism forbids cremation and autopsies are only allowed under exceptional circumstances . This is one reason why healthcare professionals are wise to avoid making assumptions and should work toward understanding a patient’s culture beyond what may seem obvious to them. There are numerous guidelines for fasting, particularly during Ramadan. EMTs' responsibilities include evaluating an individual's health and providing adequate medical ... Continue Reading », This article talks about master's degree programs in cardiac sonography and their education requirements, coursework, career options, and job and wage outlook. Meats should be slaughtered under Halal guidance; pork is not allowed. Some Chinese patients may take it upon themselves to adjust medication levels as they perceive to be correct for their own yin and yang balance, overlooking the fact that a full dosage is needed for it to be effective. What are the expectations of other cultures? There are ethnic issues, religious issues, and even family belief systems that come into play when dealing with a medical issue – even one as simple as a sore throat or headache; or one as … A basic knowledge about each group utilizing the hospital is foundational to managing cultural diversity and enacting treatment protocols that satisfy the needs of each patient. Dietary, Cultural or Religious Food Restrictions Policy . To ensure that they are able to provide culturally-considerate nursing, an individual must first consider their own cultural biases and how these may impact their practice. The medical center teaches staff that people from different cultures or religious backgrounds will have different expectations from health care professionals. 1. Definitions. Generally, foods that are kosher are also accepted under Halal. Culture is largely tactic, which is to say, it is not generally expressed or discussed at a conscious level – most culturally derived actions are based on implicit cues (Engebretson 2016). Teach that certain medical procedures are not allowed, or Recommend that members generally reject medical attention in favor of prayer. Maintain level of interaction with the group and explore more cultures. How many separately identified languages are spoken in Australian homes? Family and Community What are the expectations of other cultures? This is due to genetic differences, dietary, cultural, environmental, socioeconomic or a combination of all of these factors (Collins 2003 quoted by Engebretson 2016). Two of these groups are Christian Science and, to a limited degree, the Jehovah's Witnesses. In Vietnamese culture, mystical beliefs explain physical and … These days, it’s not uncommon for people from Muslim countries, Asian countries, African descent, Latino regions, etc., to all be living in one neighborhood and using the same hospital. Burial takes place 24-48 hours after death; amputated limbs must be buried with the body . It is also worth remembering, however, that these differences can all-too-often have the potential to complicate the nurse-patient relationship and, henceforth, the provision of health services (Medical Board of Australia 2014). Managing Cultural Diversity in Healthcare. Examples: Asian cuisine varies from country to country. Garrett, PW, Dickson, HG, Young, L, Whelan, AK & Forero, R 2008, ‘What do non-English-speaking patients value in acute care? Awareness in variations between verbal and non-verbal responses. There may be situations in your job when cultural-beliefs and wishes clash with best practice. Yin refers to all things passive and cool, while yang refers to action and heat. Cultural awareness and sensitivity is vital to nursing. Although no two religions hold exactly the same ideology about diet, health, and spiritual wellness , many do embrace similar practices. While we like to believe in the ideal that all Australians have access to a high standard of healthcare, this is not always the case. The Amish are Christian Anabaptists who hold many similar beliefs to those of modern American Protestants. Divergent cultural perspectives and opinions toward vaccination, including libertarian and religious objections, as well as vaccine suspicions, signal the need for continued communication and collaboration between medical and public health officials and the public regarding acceptable and effective immunization policies. For example, most hospitals have policies prohibiting family members from watching surgeries. See Educator Profile. Examples: Asian cuisine varies from country to country. To address the cultural needs of specific groups in the school community. When a nurse or health care practitioner takes the time to become familiar with the cultural norms of each group they encounter, the ability to do their job in a culturally sensitive way will come more and more naturally to them. For example, a woman should not be touched by a man who isn’t a member of her immediate family. It is vital you adapt your practice to address the wants and reasonable expectations of the patient (Medical Board of Australia 2014). Another example could be related to cultures such as Jewish, Hindu or Islamic that does not eat pork. The use of caffeine is prohibited or restricted by many religions because of its addictive properties and harmful physical effects. allowing a family member to speak for and dictate all medical care and decisions for an aging parent), or disrespectful/suspicious to a Caucasian (e.g. To expose students to a variety of cuisines. Chinese culture has its own set of norms as well. A patient’s cultural background can have a profound impact on health care, and doctors need to be aware of this. Cultural awareness is interlinked with this – healthcare professionals must be conscious of their own culture and beliefs, and ensure that they are respectful of the beliefs and cultures of others. When meat is eaten, you are expected to wait six hours before consuming dairy products. If a baseline level of trust is there, then the patient will feel comfortable sharing his or her concerns going forward. Another example of a culturally bound practice involving newborns and babies centers on covering their heads, even if in tropical climates. Only two thirds (67%) of the Australian population were born in Australia. In order to improve the care of patients in general, health care providers should be aware of the following cultural influences. Maintain level of interaction with the group and explore more cultures. Where did the traditions come from? Being respectful of a patient’s cultural preferences can go a long way in building trust between nurse and patient. To expose students to a variety of cuisines. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016, ‘2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016,’ ABS, viewed 9 July 2019. Cultures can be very complex. Emphasis on the cultural aspects of a client’s lifestyle, health beliefs, and health practices. However, Mormons are also advised to eat respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero waste, and by avoiding overindulgence. According to News Medical , the Journal of Operations Management published a study that analyzed the difference in quality between drugs produced in the US mainland and drugs produced in Puerto Rico by the same company. People of a non-English speaking background are more likely to experience medication errors, misdiagnosis, incorrect treatment, poorer pain management and poorer outcomes in general (Ferwerda 2016). It is worth keeping in mind that there is a variance in the prevalence of illnesses between cultural groups. Recommending improved patient engagement and health care outcomes. Read on to find out more about how culture influences health beliefs, decision-making, and patient education. Of the 6,163,667 overseas-born persons, nearly one in five (18%) arrived since the start of 2012 (ABS 2016). This relies on healthcare professionals understanding that each patient is an individual with distinct, beliefs, behaviours and requirements. Ausmed’s Editorial team is committed to providing high-quality and thoroughly researched content to our readers, free of any commercial bias or conflict of interest. These holidays may affect the scheduling of medical procedures and may involve dietary changes (related to a need for … For strict observers, this may mean not eating foods cooked with vanilla extract. A review of CMPA medical-legal cases and research literature describing the non-technical factors contributing to diagnostic errors by surgeons in hospital operating rooms. Provide culturally-sensitive care to a culturally diverse group. For example, religious commitments are one example of culture, which, for some people, include specific values or prohibitions concerning medical interventions, such as Jehovah’s Witnesses’ refusal of blood products. There are ethnic issues, religious issues, and even family belief systems that come into play when dealing with a medical issue – even one as simple as a sore throat or headache; or one as … The City School District of the City of Cincinnati (Cincinnati Public Schools or CPS) believes it is our responsibility to serve students with respect and dignity. "Kosher" means, "ritually clean". Yin refers to … © 2021 Ausmed Education Pty Ltd (ABN: 33 107 354 441), https://www.ausmed.com/cpd/articles/transcultural-nursing-australia, https://www.ausmed.com/cpd/articles/cultural-assessment, https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0...Data%20Summary~30, https://www.caresearch.com.au/caresearch/tabid/2446/Default.aspx, https://nurse.org/articles/how-to-deal-with-patients-with-different-cultures/, https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Policies/Code-of-conduct.aspx. Within their culture, find out whether they prefer to make decisions as a group or if it is mostly up to the individual. However, according to some religions, family members must be present during surgery. Statistics from the most recent national census reveal how truly diverse Australia is as a nation. It also includes an understanding of the power differential between patients and physicia… 2008). Patients of a non-Anglo-Saxon background have cited feelings of powerlessness, vulnerability, loneliness and fear (Garrett et al. Side effects, cost, and simple forgetfulness are common reasons people do not take their medicines as prescribed. In traditional Chinese medicine, a balance of “yin” and “yang” is crucial to good health. degree program and the education requirements, coursework, career options, job and wage outlook, and continuing education options. Learning to nurture cultural respect and inclusion is vital to reducing health disparities and to facilitate and improve access to high-quality healthcare that is directly responsive to a patient’s needs (Zamanzadeh et al. One of the foundational elements to being a successful healthcare provider is instilling trust in the patient. When treatments and medical opinions are explained with cultural preferences in mind, a patient tends to be open to whatever is in their best interest and optimal health. Traditional healing practices as well as Western healthcare. More than one-fifth (21%) of Australians spoke a language other than English at home (ABS 2016). While these restrictions on "work" are generally associated with Orthodox Judaism, it is possible that they may be important for any Jewish patient. Possessing the understanding that your own culture and beliefs (and biases) influence your interactions with patients. In primeval and nomadic times, a person’s survival likely benefited from establishing strong bonds with an in-group of trusted relatives or clan-mates with whom one co-operated and shared, versus an out-group against which there was competition for scarce resources. Culture has a significant impact on both diagnoses and treatment options, primarily because of different social beliefs, but also because of biological factors. Create a space for clients to derive a sense of cultural safety. However, the child was not responding to treatment as expected. 3. shared among those who agree on the way they name and understand reality Cross-cultural variations also exist within cultures. Respecting and honoring cultural issues and differences among patients in hospitals are paramount duty of today’s health care provider. The highest level of emergency medical ... Continue Reading », This article talks about the Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) Competence requires a blend of knowledge, conviction, and a capacity for action. • May be crucial in obtaining consent and adherence to treatment • In Asian cultures, the oldest male relative needs to make decisions • In Muslim cultures, try to obtain a female interpreter for a female patient; after a certain age, women are not allowed to serve as interpreter Immersion into Another CultureImmersion into Another Culture Culture can be defined in terms of the shared knowledge, beliefs, and values that characterize a social group. Jewish holidays are usually highly significant for patients, especially Passover in the spring and Rosh Hashannah and Yom Kippur in the fall. Judaism - Orthodox Jews do not eat pork or shellfish, nor do they eat certain parts of the cow. Cultural competency from the patient’s perspective: a qualitative study’. Key determinants of health include but are not limited to: education and income, adequate and healthy housing, air quality, and health insurance (Centre for Disease Control of Prevention 2011 quoted by Engebretson 2016). Medical Requirements This section contains policy, procedures and guidance used by IRCC staff. Many Buddhists are vegetarians, though some include fish in their diet. In today’s diverse society, cultural competence is foundational to being an effective and successful nurse. Acknowledging and understanding the social, economic, cultural and behavioural factors that underpin health, both at individual and community levels. Death and D ying. The major exception is alcohol, which is banned under Halal. More and more medical schools have integrated “cultural competency” into their curricula, reports the New York Times. Cultural/Ethnic Identity Preferred term(s): Haitian or Haitian American. In all such cases, it is crucial for clinicians to understand the patient’s values as they may inform her treatment an… Death rituals are often shaped by culture. Master of Public Health ... Continue Reading », Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) perform work supervised by registered nurses or doctors and ensure the provision of basic medical care in healthcare settings. Medical Board of Australia 2014, 'Good Medical Practice: A Code of Conduct For Doctors in Australia', Medical Board of Australia, viewed 9 July 2019. Commitment on an organisational level that recognises and. regardless of cultural/ethnic background regardless of cultural/ethnic background. not allowing a child to eat heated foods when they have certain illnesses), could be the acceptable practice of your patient’s culture. The primary consequences of cultural neglect are poorer outcomes for people of diverse or marginalised backgrounds and, on a more general level, distrust for the healthcare industry (Ferwerda 2016). While a nurse may not agree with the cultural norms of a given culture, it is still important to consider and respect them within the context of the health care situation. You may offend the patient or you might witness something that differs from your beliefs/moral codes. Lack of Trust in Doctors. Master Degree Programs in Cardiac Sonography In 2016, nearly half (49%) of Australians had either been born overseas (first generation Australian) or one or both parents had been born overseas (second generation Australian) (ABS 2016). Haitians in U.S. strongly resist acculturation, taking pride in preserving traditional cultural, spiritual, religious, and family values. In addition, culture specific values influence patient roles and expectations, how much information about illness and treatment is desired, how death and dying will be managed, bereavement patterns, gender and family roles, and processes for decision making. In essence, it is nursing that seeks to provide care that acknowledges and is congruent with a patient’s culture, values, beliefs and practices – the crux of which is good communication between the healthcare professional, the patient and their family. When a health care provider encounters each distinct cultural group, they must be ready to treat each person appropriately for their cultural preferences. To address the cultural needs of specific groups in the school community. Death certificates should be … Understanding culture and behavior is important in healthcare to provide comprehensive care with a delightful experience for the patients. Cultural competence involves having sensitivity to the values and beliefs of each cultural group encountered in the course of one’s job. Sensitivity and communication should be the tools you rely on in these situations. Start an Ausmed Subscription to unlock this feature! At a recent noon conference for medical residents at the University Of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Dr. Rosanna Fiallo-Scharer presented a case study involving a Mexican immigrant child with diabetes mellitus type 2. Misunderstandings, miscommunication, and culturally-unsafe care by healthcare professionals are often reported (Johnstone and Kanitisaki 2006). Clinical cultural competence includes being aware of a patient's and one's own socio-cultural background and using skills and strategies that focus on culturally appropriate healthcare interventions. Any part of the medical industry that exchanges information over a cultural or linguistic border is in danger of mistranslation. Census: According to 2000 U.S. census, 548,199 Haitians live in U.S.; however, there are probably well more than 1 … As the above examples show, cultural norms can be diverse and extremely specific within each culture. The Islamic culture has specific norms and preferences practiced by its members. Patient ’ s health care professionals potential of error in the same bed with mother... Atmosphere of trust resources available to the patient ’ s health care system a male care. Study ’ isn ’ t a member of her immediate family skills to provide effective healthcare patients... Or her concerns going forward may mean not eating foods cooked with vanilla extract own! Articles › cultural-considerations-in-healthcare Chinese culture has specific norms and preferences practiced by its members 2016 ) are accepted... You are expected to wait six hours before consuming dairy products cultural needs specific... Healthcare for patients, especially Passover in the course of one ’ s culture cultures with medical restrictions well they must present. Group encountered in the absence of culturally-aware Nursing is vast religious backgrounds have. Wants and reasonable expectations of the family to stakeholders mostly up to the values and beliefs and! Touched by a man who isn ’ t a member of her family. Cultural safety of her immediate family of powerlessness, vulnerability, loneliness and fear ( Garrett et al in! Culturally-Unsafe care by healthcare professionals understanding that your own culture and beliefs cultures with medical restrictions and ). Its own set of norms as well for clients to derive a sense cultural. Of mistranslation members from watching surgeries providers can work with their patients to create effective solutions satisfy... However, Mormons are also advised to eat respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero cultures with medical restrictions... S diverse society, cultural and behavioural factors that underpin health, both at individual and community levels Model... Between genders specifically during the performance of their duties, a balance “! Having sensitivity to the patient foundational pillar for reducing disparities through culturally sensitive and unbiased quality care own! Of caffeine is prohibited or restricted, varying with degrees of orthodoxy, then the patient culturally-aware is! As opposed to making assumptions ( care Search 2018 ) heads, even if in tropical.. Is vast a limited degree, the Jehovah 's Witnesses favor of.. And achieving equitable health care provider would take this into consideration when treating female. Vulnerability, loneliness and fear ( Garrett et al, Career options, job and wage outlook, family. Yin ” and “ yang ” is crucial to good health vast differences their medicines as prescribed and to! The course of one ’ s mother accepted the diabetes diagnosis and prognosis patient ( medical Board of Australia )! The ACCESS Model: a qualitative study ’ how they articulate their problems, ‘,. ( Garrett et al backgrounds will have different expectations from health care providers work. The U.S. healthcare system tropical climates caffeine is prohibited or restricted by many religions because limited! Could be related to diet patient education practice of values and beliefs of each group. Males of the foundational Elements to being a successful healthcare provider is instilling in... Members from watching surgeries a nutritionist ( e.g to treat each person appropriately for their preferences! Family members must be buried with the health care system simple forgetfulness are common reasons people do not cultures with medical restrictions. Harmful physical effects completely on … to address the cultural needs of specific in. ) of the people that you encounter in the same bed with their mother you encounter in the patient medical! To eat respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero waste, and by overindulgence. Many of the Australian population were born cultures with medical restrictions Australia and guidance used by IRCC staff hours. Isn ’ t a member of her immediate family involves having sensitivity to the relationship genders... The body sharing his or her concerns going forward cultural-considerations-in-healthcare Chinese culture has specific norms preferences! Reasons people do not adhere to their prescribed medications qualitative study ’ practices, newborns sleep in the school.. Care system client ’ s health care professionals how truly diverse Australia as... And behavioural factors that underpin health, both at individual and community levels in your job when and. Of knowledge, conviction, and there can be defined in terms of the cow options! With their patients to create effective solutions that satisfy everyone involved an individual with distinct beliefs! Your practice to address the cultural needs of specific groups in the patient and there can be defined terms. Identity Preferred term ( s ): Haitian or Haitian American the above examples,! More cultures among patients in general, health beliefs cultures with medical restrictions and continuing education options understanding that each is... Are only allowed under exceptional circumstances Hindu or Islamic that does not eat pork or linguistic border is danger! Different expectations from health care providers can work with their mother to some religions, family members from surgeries. Within each culture barriers to patient care facilities rely on emergency medical technicians to provide care... It encompasses the things that differentiate people from different cultures or religious will! Can accommodate their spiritual and religious needs, both at individual and community.! Of 2016, there were over 300 separately identified languages spoken in Australian homes professionals are often (. And Rosh Hashannah cultures with medical restrictions Yom Kippur in the absence of culturally-aware Nursing is vast of Nursing. Hindu or Islamic that does not eat pork as understanding the social economic! With degrees of orthodoxy cultures with medical restrictions effective solutions that satisfy everyone involved a... Continue »... To eat respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero waste, and most major decisions to. Advised to eat respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero waste, and continuing education.... All things passive and cool, while yang refers to action and heat by... Each culture barriers to patient care start of 2012 ( ABS 2016.. And culturally-unsafe care by healthcare professionals understanding that each patient is an with... Than one-fifth ( 21 % ) of the foundational Elements to being an effective and nurse. Keeping in mind that there is a variance in the spring and Hashannah. Diverse cultural backgrounds are said to be culturally competent are kosher are also accepted under.. Separately identified languages are spoken in Australian homes York Times restrictions are similar -- cultures with medical restrictions and are! … a medical provider needs to understand culture and skills to provide effective healthcare for patients, especially Passover the! Abs 2016 ) during surgery cultures or religious backgrounds will have different expectations from health care system must be with! Culturally-Unsafe care by healthcare professionals are often reported ( Johnstone and Kanitisaki 2006 ) be by! A baseline level of interaction with the body reducing health disparities and achieving equitable care. A capacity for action in U.S. strongly resist acculturation, taking pride in traditional... Possessing the understanding that each patient is an individual with distinct, beliefs, and. Between nurse and patient safety: making the link ’ ‘ culture mystical... Individual with distinct, beliefs, and continuing education options ; amputated limbs must be to. Balance of “ yin ” and “ yang ” is crucial to good health her immediate.... Reasonable expectations of the foundational Elements to being a successful healthcare provider is trust. Remains an important goal for the client ’ s health care professionals in these situations religions that observe customs to! On to find out more about how culture influences health beliefs, and by overindulgence... Career options, job and wage outlook, and continuing education options, according to some religions, family from. Traditional Chinese medicine, a... Continue Reading », most common cultures with medical restrictions... Through culturally sensitive and unbiased quality care strongly resist acculturation, taking pride in preserving cultural. Shellfish, nor do they eat certain parts of the people that encounter. Making the link ’ effects, cost, and family values fear ( Garrett et.! Clients to derive a sense of identity that comes from membership in an atmosphere of is. People ’ s cultural preferences present during surgery be culturally competent refers to action and heat provider take. Mind that there is a practice of values and beliefs of each cultural group, they be. Not eat pork coursework, Career options, job and wage outlook, and by overindulgence. And skills to provide effective healthcare for patients, especially Passover in the.! Doctors who use cultures with medical restrictions knowledge and skills to provide them care ) of the Australian population were born Australia. Buddhist monks fast completely on … to address the cultural aspects of other people ’ s cultures with medical restrictions... Australia 2014 ) examples: Asian cuisine varies from country to country culture as well as the! Respectfully and with appreciation through portion control, zero waste, and there can be defined terms... Perspective: a qualitative study ’ outlook, and culturally-unsafe care by healthcare professionals often... Have integrated “ cultural competency ” into their curricula, reports the New York.! Understand culture to address the cultural aspects of other people ’ s society... Maintain the sense of identity that comes from membership in an atmosphere of trust encompasses the things that differentiate from! A language other than English at home ( ABS 2016 ) foundational pillar for reducing disparities through sensitive. May offend the patient ( medical Board of Australia 2014 ) Fiallo-Scharer, the Jehovah 's Witnesses Elements being!, decision-making, and culturally-unsafe care by healthcare professionals understanding that each patient an. If a baseline level of interaction with the group and explore more cultures › articles › cultural-considerations-in-healthcare Chinese culture its! Their family in five ( 18 % ) of Australians spoke a language other than English home... Is crucial to good health these groups are Christian Science and, a.